The DPIIT IPR Chair of National Law School of India University is organising a Panel Discussion on ‘How to fairly train LLMs? Unpacking ANI v. OpenAI’. The event will be held on 17 August, 2026 from 2:00 to 3:30 PM at Allen & Overy Hall, Training Centre, NLSIU.

Panellists:
Dr. Dev Gangjee, Professor at St Hilda’s College, University of Oxford
Dr. Bernd Justin Jütte, Associate Professor at Sutherland School of Law
Dr. Arul George Scaria, Professor at National Law School of India University

Moderator:
Dr. Zakir T. Thomas, DPIIT IPR Chair Professor at National Law School of India University

The workshop is open to the public. Kindly register here.

About the Discussion

Copyright concerns regarding Artificial Intelligence have been widely debated. Among these, a crucial question involves the use of copyrighted materials for training Large Language Models (LLMs). In the recent case of ANI Media (P) Ltd. v. OpenAI OPCO LLC [CS(COMM) 1028/2024, decided on 24-07-2026], the Delhi High Court declined an interim injunction, holding that OpenAI’s use of ANI’s copyrighted works for training ChatGPT does not prima facie constitute copyright infringement. The Court ruled that such training falls within the scope of fair dealing for ‘private or personal use, including research’ under Section 52(1)(a) of the Copyright Act, 1957. Applying both the ‘Purpose Test’ and the ‘Fairness Test’, the Court concluded that commercial use does not negate Section 52(1)(a), while emphasising the significant public interest in AI development and technological innovation. Crucially, the Court recognised Section 52 as embodying affirmative user rights. Although an interim order, its jurisprudential impact on AI model training in India carries substantial consequences. The panel engages with the larger question of fair dealing of copyrighted works for training LLMs, with a specific focus on ANI Media (P) Ltd. v. OpenAI OPCO LLC.