Faculty Seminar | ‘Devolution after Empire’

We ended this term’s faculty seminars with a special lecture by Dr. Ewan Smith, Associate Professor of Public Law at UCL on the ‘Devolution after Empire.’

About the Article

This article questions the claim that the UK is a unitary state. It argues that the UK was, and perhaps is, an Empire. Empires are states in which questions of subsidiarity are inescapable and ongoing. Like unitary states, they have a supreme central government. Unlike unitary states, Empires are not governed as a single entity. The United Kingdom is not a state where all parts bear a singular relationship to the centre. Instead, it embraces a multiplicity of constitutional relationships, overlaid by sovereignty and the Crown. The nature of the UK territory was ambiguous under Empire. It still is, and the article explores how imperial structures continue to influence our devolution settlement. The British constitution ultimately managed to resolve very-large-scale questions of subsidiarity in a global Empire. It remains to be seen whether that same structure can resolve small-scale questions of subsidiarity in a supposedly unitary state.

About the Speaker

Dr. Ewan Smith joined UCL Laws as Associate Professor of Public Law in 2022. Prior to that he was a Fellow of Christ Church, Oxford, the Shaw Foundation Junior Research Fellow at Jesus College, Oxford, and an Early Career Fellow at the Bonavero Institute of Human Rights. Ewan read law at Oxford, at the University of Paris and at Harvard Law School. In 2023 Ewan was a Hauser Fellow at New York University Law School and in 2024 he was a Visiting Professor at Faculty of Law of the University of Bologna. In 2026 he will be a visiting professor at the National University of Singapore. He has previously worked at Peking, Tsinghua and Renmin Universities in China and between 2005 and 2015 he worked for the UK Foreign Office. Ewan’s work considers how political rules govern powerful institutions, how law shapes foreign relations, and compares the constitutional orders of China, the UK and the United States. He is admitted to practice in New York

NLS BA (Hons) Masterclasses | Jan 22 & 23, 2026

NLSIU is conducting online Masterclasses during January 2026 to give wider audiences a glimpse into an NLS BA (Hons) classroom. These online sessions will dive deeper into the subject matter and showcase our pedagogy and approach to the social sciences and humanities.

The series of two Masterclasses, being held on January 22 and 23, 2026, will be anchored by our faculty Dr. Atreyee Majumder, NLS BA (Hons) Co-Chair and Dr. Sneha Thapliyal, Associate Professor of Economics.

Session I: ‘The Nourishment of Slow Research: Evaluating Ethnography with the Long Walk of Paul Salopek’ with Dr. Atreyee Majumder, NLS BA (Hons) Co-Chair 

January 22, 2026 | 6-7 PM

Paul Salopek, in the practice of “slow journalism”, has been on a 38,000km walk across the globe since 2013. You can find out about the various legs of Salopek’s journey already completed on the National Geographic website here. In an interview to the Emergence Magazine, he says “I think that this sense of well-being that comes with timelessness, the sense of being at peace – it must be very, very old. And it must be like a stylus dropping into a groove on the surface of a planet and making this music. And we are, our bodies are, that stylus, and we’re meant to move at this RPM that comes with the movement of our body.”

Dr. Majumder, in this talk, asks: What does Salopek’s 38000km walk teach us about our current condition? How do we use slow research techniques, and uncertainty of goals of research, to push the boundaries of what is knowable about our human condition? Is it useful to use “slow research” techniques in the professional world? In the world periled by climate change, the policy push to make lifestyle changes – say no to fossil fuel, active use of non-fueled transport, to slow down our hungry modernity, to make legal and moral claims on the more appropriate definitions of well-being, can “slow research” be meaningful? In this talk, Dr. Majumder gives a primer on the ethnographic method, calling it “slow research”, attempting to disclose its potential to push in the direction of moral and legal advocacy for other ways of occupying the modern, at this time that is plagued by climate change.

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Session II: ‘Counting the Heat: How Numbers Shape Our Understanding of India’s Heat Waves’ with Dr. Sneha Thapliyal, Associate Professor of Economics

January 23, 2026 | 6-7 PM

The world is getting hotter – but how much hotter? In the last year? In the last decade? In the last century? For instance, there has been an increase of 0.68 degrees in average temperatures in India since 1901. Sounds trivial, right? A closer look tells us that the rate of temperature increase has more than doubled since 1986. That temperatures during the night are rising 4.5 times faster than the day temperatures. That 37 cities in the country recorded temperatures >45 degrees in May 2024. Such heat waves are likely to affect us all equally, right? Socially and economically disadvantaged individuals are exposed to far greater durations of outdoor heat. And informal workers lose income at a rate that is 17 times higher than formal sector workers. Yet, emissions from consumption of the richest 10% of the country is 10 times as much as the emissions from the bottom 50%.

These questions about scientific facts and justice in climate change need us to think in numbers. Using the context of heat waves in India, we will discuss how numbers tell stories. What can numbers hide and what can numbers reveal. In this primer to the Numbers course in the BA programme at NLSIU, we will think about numbers not just as quantitative literacy but also as evidence for value-laden advocacy, policy critique, and democratic citizenship.

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‘Crafting Careers’ – Conversation Series | Session with Ms. Astha Kapoor, Co-founder and Director, Aapti Institute

NLSIU recently launched a new conversation series by eminent speakers titled ‘Crafting Careers’.  our next session in this series features Ms. Astha Kapoor, Co-founder and Director, Aapti Institute
on January 7, 2026, from 5 pm to 6 pm at the NLS campus.

Crafting Careers

Crafting Careers is a new conversation series at the University under the NLS BA (Hons) programme, designed to help students navigate the world of work. Each session in the series brings leading professionals from fields such as media, government, public policy, business, finance, and the creative arts to campus for candid conversations about their journeys. These experts will share insights and advice from their professional experiences and offer reflections on how social science majors may relate to different career pathways. These dialogues will offer students a chance to learn from diverse experiences, gain practical insights, and reflect on how to build careers that align with their own interests, skills, and values.

About the Speaker

Astha has over a decade of public policy and strategy consulting experience, with a focus on the use of technology for welfare. At Aapti, Astha leads the Data Economy Lab, a vertical established to research and test new methods of data sharing, data stewardship and governance. Her recent work is focused on participative governance of data, and its use for building collaborative AI, through collective governance methods such as cooperatives. She serves on the advisory boards of the Data Trust Initiative (Cambridge University) and Indian Urban Data Exchange (IUDEX). Prior to Aapti, Astha worked with Future State, Azim Premji’s Philanthropic Initiatives, Dalberg Global Development Advisors, the Planning Commission, the Government of India and the Self-Employed Women’s Association. She’s a visiting fellow at the Ostrom Workshop (Indiana University), a two-time TEDx speaker, and a Global Governance Futures Fellow 2018-19. Astha’s writing has been published in the Mint, Hindu, and Deccan Herald among others.

 

 

Related Video – Watch the Crafting Careers Session with Mr. Vikram Bhat, Director, BIC, here: 

 

The NLS Public Lecture Series | ‘The Art and Litigious Life of K. Venkatappa’ | By Pushpamala N and Deeptha Achar

The National Law School of India University (NLSIU) was delighted to host artist Pushpamala N and scholar Deeptha Achar on January 7, 2026 as part of our Public Lectures series.

About the Lecture

‘Looking at Karnataka’s First Modern Artist K. Venkatappa’ by Pushpamala N

In her illustrated discussion of K. Venkatappa (after whom the Venkatappa Art Gallery in Bengaluru is named), artist Pushpamala N framed him as a crucial regional modernist shaped by Mysore court patronage who deviated from the colonial aesthetic of oil painting and the Bengal School’s spiritualised art. Patronised by Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV in Mysore and trained at the Madras School of Art and Crafts, Venkatappa absorbed Western academic techniques and familiar with anti-materialist, pan-Asian aesthetic debates associated with a figure like Abanindranath Tagore under whom he studied. Pushpamala highlighted how his practice, seen in series such as the Ramayana illustrations, Mad after Veena, charcoal drawings, bas-reliefs, and later landscapes, privileged colour, wash, or sculptural solidity over the Bengal School’s ethereal line. His muscular, grounded bodies, use of industrial materials like plaster, and mythic-classical themes reflected both a working-class sensibility and Mysore’s distinctive modernity. Overall, Venkatappa emerges as a “lost ancestor” in Karnataka, an artist who forged a regional aesthetic modernism that negotiated courtly patronage, nationalism, and experimentation without replicating Calcutta’s cultural hierarchy.

‘National Art, Regional Modernity, and the Litigious Life of K. Venkatappa’ by Deeptha Achar

Deeptha Achar read K. Venkatappa’s litigious life as central to understanding both his contradictory personality and the nexus between law, art, and Indian modernity. Moving between Mysore, Calcutta, and Bangalore, Venkatappa repeatedly turned to law as a mode of self-fashioning and public engagement, even as he cultivated the persona of an unworldly, inward-looking artist. Achar argues that his court cases—including disputes with institutions like the Indian Oriental Society and the dramatic but ultimately unsuccessful suit against the Mysore king—were not merely personal grievances but assertions of artistic worth, property, and dignity by someone marked by artisanal caste origins within a hierarchical courtly order. His insistence on litigation, even when compromise was offered, dramatised the radical promise of legal equality under modern law, while also revealing its social and material costs. Through his diaries written in English over many decades, law appears as a lived social space in which Venkatappa negotiated being “an artist rather than an artisan,” exposing the tensions between caste, profession, nationalism, and the fragile democratisation promised by modern legal institutions.

About the Speakers

Pushpamala N

Pushpamala N has been called “the most entertaining artist-iconoclast of contemporary Indian art”. In her sharp and witty work as a photo- and video-performance artist, sculptor, writer, and curator, and in her collaborations with writers, theatre directors and filmmakers, she seeks to subvert the dominant discourse. She is known for her strong feminist work, informed by cultural theory, feminist studies and social science. Her work is shown worldwide and is in the collections of major museums like the Museum of Modern Art New York, Tate Modern London, Centre Charles Pompidou Paris, Art Gallery of New South Wales Sydney, NGMA and KNMA Delhi and MAP Bangalore. She created a fictional platform for discourse, ‘Somberikatte’ (Idler’s Platform) in 1996 through which she organises talks and conferences. To celebrate 20 years of Somberikatte, she organised an international conference of the early modern artist K Venkatappa in Bangalore in 2016. Based on the papers presented at this conference, her co-edited volume: Nation, Region, Modernity: The Art of K. Venkatappa has been published by Routledge ( 2025). She was the Artistic Director of the Chennai Photo Biennale , ‘Fauna Of Mirrors’ , for which she also organised an international conference on photography, Light Writing (2019). Recently she curated the print retrospective exhibition of Gulammohammed Sheikh: ‘Hand Prints/ Mind Prints’ and is now working on the book. She lives and works in Bangalore.

Deeptha Achar

Deeptha Achar has just retired as Professor, Department of English, Faculty of Arts, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Gujarat. Among the books she has co-edited are Towards New Art History: Studies in Indian Art (2003), and Articulating Resistance: Art and Activism (2012) apart from catalogue essays. Her most recent co-edited volume is Nation, Region, Modernity: The Art of K. Venkatappa (2025). She is the series editor of the Different Tales, a multilanguage series of illustrated children’s books that thematise marginalised childhoods. She has co-curated an archival show entitled Enlightenment from an Unlikely Envelope: Archives of Adil Jussawalla currently running at the Kerala Museum, Kochi. Her research interests include visual culture studies and childhood studies.

MEA Distinguished Lecture Series | Evolution and the Future of the Indo–US Strategic Partnership | By Ambassador Ashok Sajjanhar

We were delighted to host Ambassador Ashok Sajjanhar, IFS (Retd), Former Ambassador of India to Kazakhstan, Sweden, and Latvia, at the NLS campus on January 6, 2026. Ambassador Sajjanhar delivered a talk as part of the ‘MEA Distinguished Lecture Series’ by the Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India.

His talk, titled ‘Evolution and the Future of the Indo–US Strategic Partnership: With Emphasis on Trade Policy and Geopolitics in the Indo-Pacific Region,’ was held at the NLSIU Conference Hall, Training Centre.

Ahead of the talk Ambassador Sajjanhar met with NLSIU Vice-Chancellor Prof. (Dr.) Sudhir Krishnaswamy; Registrar In-Charge Dr. Nigam Nuggehalli; Dean-Academics & Associate Professor of Law Dr. Saurabh Bhattacharjee; Assistant Professor of Social Science Dr. Debangana Chatterjee; Associate Professor of Law Dr. Harisankar K Sathyapalan; and Ms. Deepti Soni, Director, Communications and External Relations.

The programme commenced with inaugural remarks by Ms. Deepti Soni, introducing the speaker and the talk. Dr. Harisankar K Sathyapalan moderated the ensuing Q&A session, and Dr. Debangana Chatterjee concluded the event with the Vote of Thanks.

Abstract

Relations between India and USA have experienced many ups and downs since India’s independence 78 years ago. Relations sank to their nadir in 1971 and 1998. However, ties between the two countries witnessed a steady upward trend since 2000. Addressing the Joint Session of the US Congress in 2016, PM Narendra Modi declared that India ‘’has overcome the hesitations of history.’’ In 2022, speaking with the then US President Joe Biden, PM Modi stated that India-US partnership is based on ‘’trust.’’ This trust received a huge jolt in 2025 with the assumption of power by Donald Trump as the President of USA. This is evident not only in the area of trade in which US actions are totally violative of International Trade Rules as enshrined in the WTO but also in areas of political, security and strategic affairs. What is likely to be the future state of India-US relations? Can the mutual trust be restored or will the relations revert to the period of the Cold War?

About the Speaker

Ambassador Ashok Sajjanhar, IFS (Retd), was Former Ambassador of India to Kazakhstan, Sweden, and Latvia. He has also worked in senior diplomatic positions in Indian Embassies/Missions in Washington DC, Brussels, Moscow, Geneva, Tehran, Dhaka and Bangkok, and at Headquarters in India.

He negotiated for India in the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations and in India-EU, India-ASEAN and India-Thailand Free Trade Agreements. He contributed significantly to strengthening strategic and economic ties and promoting cultural cooperation between India and USA, EU, Russia and other countries.

Ambassador Sajjanhar worked as Head of the National Foundation for Communal Harmony to promote amity and understanding between different religions, faiths and beliefs. He has been decorated by Governments of Kazakhstan and Latvia with their National Awards and by Universal Peace Federation, New York (a body in special, consultative status with the United Nations) with Title of “Ambassador of Peace.”

Presently he is the Executive Council Member, at the Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses; President of the Institute of Global Studies; and a Distinguished Fellow at Ananta Aspen Centre.

He writes, travels and speaks extensively on issues relating to international relations, foreign policy and themes of contemporary relevance and significance.

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The Third SLR Annual Workshop | By Socio-Legal Review (SLR)

The Socio-Legal Review is delighted to announce the Third Annual SLR Workshop. Through this initiative, SLR hopes to further the understanding of its aims and scope, and more broadly the meaning of “socio-legal” scholarship. The workshop will also provide practical and useful guidance on how one may contribute to the SLR Journal or Forum, or socio-legal academic spaces in general.

SLR is a peer-reviewed, bi-annual journal that encourages interdisciplinary research at the intersection of law and social sciences. It is open-access and student-run, published by the National Law School of India University (NLSIU), Bengaluru.

About the Keynote Speaker

The keynote speaker for the workshop is Dr. Anindita Adhikari, Assistant Professor, Social Sciences at the National Law School of India University, Bengaluru. Her research interests include social movements, bureaucracies, the politics of welfare provisioning and democratic deepening. She has been associated with the Right to Work, Right to Information, and Right to Food campaigns. She has previously worked with the Government of Bihar and the Ministry of Rural Development on employment, social security, and land issues. She co-founded the  organization ‘Social Accountability Forum for Action and Research’ (SAFAR) in 2022 that works on strengthening transparency and accountability in public service delivery in collaboration with state and national governments and civil society. Her book project ‘from Shikayat to Jawaabdehi’ examines the effects of rights-based welfare expansion and its effects on local governance and civic action through a comparison between two institutionalized accountability systems in Bihar.

About the Workshop

The workshop will begin with a discussion on the scope of socio-legal scholarship generally, its role in the current moment and its place within the larger movement of legal scholarship in India. The keynote speaker will present some of her ongoing research and specifically address the audience on the question of positionality in doing socio-legal research. This will be followed by a discussion on a pre-circulated paper that closely relates to the discipline. Members of the SLR Editorial Board will discuss SLR’s Submission Guidelines and Editorial Policies. The session will be followed by a Q&A round.

The workshop is designed and intended for an audience of students across undergraduate, postgraduate and graduate levels as well as early career academics.

The Workshop is open-to-all, and will be taking place online on Microsoft Teams, from 11 AM – 12: 30 PM on Saturday, 10th January 2026. Please note that registration is mandatory, in order to attend. Please fill the form here to register.

For any queries, please reach out to .

Book Talks@NLS Library | ‘Copyright as Personal Property’

NLSIU’s Library Committee organised a Book Talk on ‘Copyright as Personal Property,’ authored by Dr. Poorna Mysoor and published by the Oxford University Press. The talk, held on January 9, 2026, saw Dr. Poorna Mysoor in conversation with NLSIU’s Prof. (Dr.) Arul George Scaria.

About the Book

Copyright statutes in many jurisdictions clearly state that copyright is a property right. However, it is not always clear exactly how. Some see it as no more than a statutory right, while others think of it as a chose in action (French for “thing in action”), like debts or shares. Copyright as Personal Property demonstrates why it is incorrect to conceptualise copyright as a chose in action and argues that, despite being an intangible asset, copyright is more analogous to land and chattels.

The book aims to achieve two main objectives. The first is to demonstrate much against popular belief that the analogies with land and chattels help contain the scope of copyright within normatively justifiable limits. Starting with the “thing relatedness” of copyright, the monograph draws parallels with the acquisition of copyright, the nature of exclusionary rights, exclusive powers and privileges, their enforcement, and derivative interests. It employs concepts of property theory, such as numerus clausus, to provide the necessary benchmark to guide the boundaries of copyright. The second objective is to challenge the rigid and binary classification of property rights into choses in possession and choses in action. By addressing an important evolutionary gap in the conceptualization of property rights, this work lays the groundwork for a more sophisticated taxonomy, viewing property rights as existing on a spectrum. It goes on to provide the metrics to calibrate this spectrum, ensuring the incremental and orderly development of property rights.

Original and thought-provoking, the analogy this book develops with land and chattels shows how the unjustifiable expansion of copyright can be curbed and offers a more sophisticated classification of property rights than that based simply on tangibility.

About the Panellists

Dr. Poorna Mysoor is a Fellow in Law at Lucy Cavendish College, University of Cambridge. She is also a member of Centre for Intellectual Property and Information Law at the Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge. She was a Leverhulme Trust Early Career Fellow at the Faculty of Law, University of Oxford, a Junior Research Fellow at the Queen’s College, Oxford, and an academic member at the Oxford Intellectual Property Research Centre. She is the author of two books, Copyright as Personal Property (2025) and Implied Licences in Copyright Law (2021), both published with Oxford University Press, and has published her work widely in reputed journals and edited collections. Poorna obtained her undergraduate law degree at NLSIU, Bangalore, and an LLM from SOAS, University of London for which she was awarded the Felix Scholarship. Before embarking on her doctorate, Poorna practised intellectual property law for several years in Hong Kong and was a litigator in India.

Prof. (Dr.) Arul George Scaria is a Professor of Law and Co-Director, Centre for IP Research and Advocacy (CIPRA) at the National Law School of India University, Bengaluru. His expertise lies in intellectual property and competition law. He teaches, researches, and writes on issues at the intersection of law, science, and technology. Prof. Arul has been a lead researcher in different research projects, including an UNESCO funded project on challenges and opportunities for open science in four South Asian countries. He has two single authored books to his credit – Piracy in the Indian Film Industry: Copyright and Cultural Consonance (Cambridge University Press, 2014) and Ambush Marketing: Game within a Game (Oxford University Press, 2008).

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Muse@NLS Library | ‘So That You Know’ | Poetry Reading With Dr. Mani Rao

NLSIU’s Library Committee organised a poetry reading with Dr. Mani Rao, author of the anthology So That You Know (Harper Collins 2025). The reading took place at the NLS Library Basement on Monday, January 5, 2026, at 4 PM.

About the Poet

Dr. Mani Rao is the author of thirteen poetry books including So That You Know (Harper Collins 2025), and four books in translation including Bhagavad Gita and Saundarya Lahari. Researching mantra experience in tantric communities, she discovered continuing revelations and new mantras in circulation on-ground for Living Mantra: Mantra, Deities and Visionary Experience Today.

After studying literature in the early 80’s Madras, she worked as an advertising and television professional for two decades in Mumbai, New Zealand and Hong Kong. A resetting of life-goals led her back to the world of learning – she then did an MFA from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA, and a PhD in Religious Studies from Duke University, USA. Returning to India by 2017, she began to live in Puttaparthi and Bangalore.

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Roundtable on ‘Two Decades of Product Patents in India’ | By the Centre for Health Law, Policy and Ethics and CIPRA, NLSIU

A roundtable on ‘Two Decades of Product Patents in India’ was organised by the Centre for Health Law, Policy and Ethics and the Centre for Intellectual Property Research and Advocacy (CIPRA), National Law School of India University, Bengaluru. The roundtable was held on January 10, 2026, at the National Law School of India University.

Background

The WTO Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) came into effect on January 1, 1995. As per Article 27 of the TRIPS Agreement, patents shall be available for any inventions, whether products or processes, in all fields of technology, provided that they are new, involve an inventive step and are capable of industrial application. Some of the developing countries, including India, were not granting product patents in some areas like pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, at the time of signing of the agreement. In fact, many scholars have pointed out that the specific exclusion of product patents in the area of pharmaceuticals in the Patents Act 1970 has contributed substantially to the blooming of generic pharmaceutical companies in India, and thereby also making India a pharmacy of the world. However, as a signatory to the TRIPS Agreement, India was forced to reintroduce product patents in the area of pharmaceuticals. By virtue of Article 65.4, India got 10 years to comply with the TRIPS requirements in this regard, and the Patents (Amendment) Act, 2005, India made the necessary changes in this area.

About the Roundtable

The roundtable focussed on the historical dimensions and the key changes that have happened in the area of pharmaceutical patents in India over the last 20 years. The panel included Ms. Jayashree Watal (Former Counsellor, WTO), Ms. Vindhya S. Mani (Partner, Technology Law Division, Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan, Attorneys, Bengaluru), Ms. Archana Jatkar (Associate Secretary General, Indian Pharmaceutical Alliance), Mr. K. M. Gopakumar (Senior Researcher and Legal Advisor, Third World Network) and Dr. Zakir Thomas (Founding Project Director, OSDD). The sessions were moderated by Dr. Arul George Scaria, Professor of Law and Co-Director, Centre for IP Research and Advocacy (CIPRA) and Ms. Bhanu Tanwar, Assistant Professor of Law and Co-Director, Centre for Health Law and Ethics (CHLPE).

Ms. Jayashree Watal began her presentation with a discussion on the historical dimensions of the treaty negotiations and the position of India during the negotiations.  She also discussed how before the 1970 Patents Act, India relied heavily on expensive imports that favored foreign manufacturers. To foster self-reliance, the government moved toward a regime that protected process patents only, however this was a strategy used by several developed nations to develop their domestic industries as well, and therefore contrary to popular belief, India’s position was not unusual. She credited the growth of the Indian pharmaceutical generic industry to not just the patent law, but also to other external factors like the 1978 Drug Policy and the Foreign Exchange Regulation law. The discussion highlighted the approaches taken by India at different stages of the TRIPS negotiations, the victory in getting in terms of securing a flexible compulsory licensing provision, and the need for strengthening international negotiations by including the participation of more subject matter experts and consultations in the subject area.

Discussing the approach of the Indian judiciary, Ms. Vindhya S. Mani discussed the balancing role being played by the Indian judiciary to protect patents on one hand and the public interest on the other, particularly in light of Section 3(d). She highlighted how India is characterised as an interim injunction-oriented jurisdiction, where courts often grant early relief in patent cases. She argued that while legal tools like pre-grant oppositions exist to filter frivolous patent filings, they are often under-utilised or misused by third parties.

Ms. Archana Jatkar shared the perspectives of the Indian pharmaceutical industry, particularly with the help of data on the economic and public health contributions of the industry. She highlighted that the Indian pharmaceutical industry has evolved from import dependence to becoming a global export powerhouse, supplying 40% of US generic demand. However, according to her, the industry still faces significant hurdles relating to “evergreening” strategies adopted by big pharmaceutical companies through diverse pathways such as patent thickets and data exclusivity. She highlighted that over the years litigations in the area have moved from ideological battles towards more technical disputes.

Mr. KM Gopakumar shared the civil society perspectives and flagged many concerns.  This included the lack of robust expert consultations and institutional decision-making within India before representing India’s position at international fora. He also highlighted instances wherein the patent office in India granted a high volume of patents relating to existing drugs and argued that the increasing patent grant rate in India might be illustrating the increasingly weak patent examination process. Furthermore, he also argued that the government and judiciary are reluctant to use compulsory licensing due to fears of international political repercussions. According to him, this negatively impacts the right to life guaranteed under the Indian Constitution.

With the help of data from some of the recent reports, Dr. Zakir Thomas discussed how despite claims of global dominance, India’s pharmaceutical sector remains obsessed with volumes, and not the global value in research. He highlighted that most of the Global Capability Centers (GCCs) in India focus on peripheral areas, and not the much-required core area of invention of new molecules. He also pointed out that unlike China’s state-backed innovation agenda, India risks a “middle-income trap” due to a lack of significant R&D investment by the state and the domestic firms. He argued that the government must implement “carrot and stick” policies, such as specific tax breaks, to promote innovations in the sector.

Schedule

I. Introduction by Dr. Arul George Scaria (Professor of Law, NLSIU) | 9.30-9.35 am

II. Session 1 | 9:40-11:00 am
Moderator: Dr. Arul George Scaria
Panellists:
(i) Ms. Jayashree Watal (Former Counsellor, WTO) – Historical Perspectives
(ii) Ms. Vindhya S. Mani (Partner, Technology Law Division, Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan, Attorneys, Bengaluru) – Approach of the Judiciary

III. Tea Break | 11.00-11.30 am

IV. Session 2 | 11:30 am – 13:30 pm
Moderator: Bhanu Tanwar (Assistant Professor of Law and Co-Director, Centre for Health Law and Ethics, NLSIU)
Panellists:
(i) Ms. Archana Jatkar (Associate Secretary General, Indian Pharmaceutical Alliance) – Industry Perspectives
(ii) Mr. K. M. Gopakumar (Senior Researcher and Legal Advisor, Third World Network) – Civil Society Perspectives
(iii)Dr. Zakir Thomas (Founding Project Director, OSDD) – Innovation within the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry

V. Vote of thanks by Bhanu Tanwar

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The NLS Public Lecture Series | ‘Temporary Lives: Law, Ruination, And The Right To Dwell In Lagos’ | By Daniel E. Agbiboa, Harvard University

The National Law School of India University organised a public lecture on ‘Temporary Lives: Law, Ruination, And The Right To Dwell In Lagos’ by Daniel E. Agbiboa, John & Ruth Hazel Associate Professor of the Social Sciences at Harvard University on January 12, 2026.

Temporary Lives: Law, Ruination, And The Right To Dwell In Lagos

Across the Global South, urban eviction is increasingly justified in the language of climate adaptation, risk management, and development. Drawing on Agbiboa’s book-in-progress, ‘Dredged Lives: Futures and Foreclosures in an African City,’ this talk examines how such rationales operate in Lagos, Nigeria, where waterfront communities are routinely demolished in the name of  environmental safety, urban renewal, or megacity ambition. Agbiboa argues that these clearances are not failures of governance but deliberate techniques of rule. They take the form of self devouring growth and bureaucratic violence that convert land into speculative value by  rendering certain lives temporary.

Focussing on precarious waterfront communities, Agbiboa traces how law functions less as protection and more as performance. Court orders are ignored, notices are withheld, and legality is retroactively rewritten. In this context, eviction is not an exception but a governing rationality. Risk becomes an alibi, informality a weapon, and uncertainty itself a mode of control.

The talk also examines how residents insist on presence through staying put, rebuilding on rubble, mapping themselves into visibility, and crafting alternative plans for urban life, even when legal remedies fail. These practices constitute what Agbiboa calls ‘refusal without redemption,’ a politics oriented not toward final resolution but toward present-oriented survival and the  labor of carrying on regardless.

By bringing Lagos into conversation with broader debates on climate urbanism, law, displacement, and urban citizenship, the talk invited reflection on a pressing question for legal scholarship. What does justice look like when law itself governs through dispossession, and what forms of political life persist when redemption through law is no longer available?

About the Speaker

Daniel E. Agbiboa is Associate Professor of African and African American Studies at Harvard University, where he also serves as Faculty Associate of the Weatherhead Centre for International Affairs, Affiliate Faculty of the Bloomberg Centre for Cities, and Co-Chair of the Urban Conversation Series in the Mahindra Humanities Center.

Prof. Agbiboa’s research focuses on the intersection of violence and order, urban governance, mobility and mobilisation, environmental politics, empire and African subjectivity. His works are grounded in discourse analysis, mobile ethnography, and a critical ethnography of the state. He is the author of They Eat Our Sweat: Transport Labor, Corruption and Everyday Survival in Urban Nigeria (Oxford University Press, 2022) and Mobility, Mobilisation and Counter/Insurgency: The Routes of Terror in an African Context; editor of Transport, Transgression and Politics in African Cities: The Rhythm of Chaos (Routledge, 2019); and co-editor of People, Predicaments and Potentials in Africa (Langaa RPCIG).

He is the recipient of several prestigious (book and article) awards, including the Lee Ann Fujii Book Award given by the International Studies Association (ISA); the ISA Peace Best Book Award; finalist for both the Society for Economic Anthropology (SEA) Best Book Prize and the Global Development Studies (GDS) Best Book Award; the Politics and Gender Best Article Award given by editors of Politics and Gender journal (published by Cambridge University Press) and the Women, Gender and Politics Section of APSA; and the 2023 James F. Short Jr. Distinguished Article Award (Honorable Mention) given by the Crime, Law and Deviance Section of the American Sociological Association. In 2023, Professor Agbiboa received the Clarence Stone Scholar Award, given by the Urban and Politics Section of the American Political Science Association (APSA) for his significant contributions to the study of urban politics. He has been a member of the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, fellow of the Woodrow Wilson International Centre for Scholars, recipient of the Guggenheim Distinguished Scholar Award, and holder of the CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholar Award (2024-2026). He currently serves on the Editorial Board of the African Studies Review and the International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, where he also serves as a Trustee.

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